1 Valentine Family Tree, Repository: Ancestry.com.

2 Letter from son James, Repository: Ancestry Public Member Tree.

3 Letter from James Fraser to his sister Arabella following the death of their father, Submitted by elisabethjames33, 14 Apr. 2011, Repository: Ancestry Public Member Tree.

4 Daniel Otero Fraser, Geni.com.

5 New York Passenger Lists, 1820-1957, Repository: Ancestry.com.

6 New York State Census, 1905, A.D. 27, E.D. 05. Image 14 of 16. Repository: FamilySearch.

7 "Very Much Married," The Salt Lake Herald (Salt Lake City, Utah), April 19, 1894, page 2, image 2. Repository: Call Number: www.loc.gov/chroniclingamerica/lccn/sn85058130/1894-04-19/ed-1/seq-2.

8 marlynduff33, McClure - Harris Family Tree, Repository: Ancestry.com.

9 International Genealogical Index, www.familysearch.com.

10 California Death Index, 1940-1997, Ancestry.com, Repository: Call Number: <www.ancestry.com>.

11 Henrique Gómez, message of 7 Sept. 2011 to Rick Crume.

12 Historical Newspapers, Birth, Marriage, & Death Announcements, 1851-2003, Repository: Ancestry.com.

13 1910 U.S. Census, Brooklyn, Kings Co., New York, Repository: Ancestry.com.

14 New York Marriages, 1686-1980, Repository: FamilySearch.

15 Ellis Island Passenger Arrivals, Repository: Call Number: www.ellisisland.org.

16 1910 U.S. Census, Bridgewater, Somerset, New Jersey, Repository: Ancestry.com.

17 1920 U.S. Census, Allison, Jefferson Co., Kentucky, Roll: T625_578; Page: 12B; Enumeration District: 19; Image: 29. Repository: Ancestry.com.

18 1930 U.S. Census, San Juan, San Juan County, Puerto Rico, Roll: 2661; Page: 5A; Enumeration District: 3; Image 9. Repository: Ancestry.com.

19 1940 U.S. Census, Albany, Albany County, New York, E.D. 63-96, sheet 5B. Repository: Ancestry.com.

20 Hernan Horna, Transport Modernization and Entrepreneurship in Nineteenth Century Colombia: Cisneros & friends, Published 1992, Almqvist & Wiksell [distributor], Original from the University of California, p. 138, footnote #54.

21 J. Fred Rippy, "Dawn of the Railway Era in Colombia," The Hispanic American Historical Review, Vol. 23, No. 4 (Nov., 1943), pp. 650-663.

22 Carlos Alberto Mejía Sanabria, Ferrocarriles colombianos en el siglo XIX. Inicio de una mentalidad moderna y tecnológica en el país, Biblioteca Virtual del Banco de la República, 2005, Repository: La Biblioteca Luis Ángel Arango del Banco de la República, Call Number: <http://www.lablaa.org/blaavirtual/revistas/credencial/junio1998/10202.htm>.

23 United States Bureau of Foreign and Domestic Commerce, Trade Promotion Series - Railways of South America, no. 1, 1941, p. 47. Repository: Google Books, <books.google.com>.

24 "Pennington Divorce Suit," The Daily Herald, Brownsville, Texas, Tuesday, May 8, 1894. Reprinted from the San Francisco Examiner, page 1.

25 J. H. PENNINGTON WANTED: The Colombian Government Will Request His Immediate Extradition, The San Francisco Call, Monday, December 23, 1895, Chronicling America, The Library of Congress, page 4, column 4. Repository: Call Number: www.loc.gov/chroniclingamerica/lccn/sn85066387/1895-12-23/ed-1/seq-4.

26 "Peeping Into Valley's Past," The Brownsville Herald, Friday, May 8, 1942, page 4, column 6. Repository: Ancestry.com.

27 Colpitts, Kaye, phone call of 7 Mar. 2004 to Rick Crume.

28 Latin America and the industrial age, G.P. Putnam's Sons, 1947, ed. 2, pages 64-65. Repository: Google Books, <books.google.com>.

29 Manuel José Angarita, "Mr. Pennington y el Banco Nacional," Revista de legislación y jurisprudencia, Bogotá, Colombia: Luz, 1898, volume 1, pages 705-714. Repository: Google Books, <books.google.com>.

30 Kelly v. Clements et al. (Supreme Court of Michigan. April 8, 1913.), The Northwestern Reporter (St. Paul, Minn.: West Publ. Co., 1913), vol. 140, pp. 1006-1009. Repository: Google Books, <books.google.com>.

31 "Pennington Divorce Suit," The Daily Herald, Brownsville, Texas, Tuesday, May 8, 1894. Reprinted from the San Francisco Examiner.

32 "Pennington's Matrimonial Tangle. He Took A Second Wife Before the First Secured Her Divorce," Brooklyn Daily Eagle, Apr. 18, 1894, http://fultonhistory.com/Fulton.html, page 5.

33 Wisconsin Marriages, 1836-1930, FamilySearch <www.familysearch.org>.

34 Baltimore City Health Department Bureau of Vital Statistics, John H. Pennington, death record, June 27, 1909, Film reels CR 48145 (May - Aug. 1909), certificate #C23483, MSA CM1132-102. Repository: Maryland State Archives, Annapolis, MD.

35 “Official Death List," Star, Baltimore, Maryland, 30 Jun 1909, page 4, column 1. Repository: Maryland State Archives, Annapolis, MD, Call Number: MSA SC 3441, microfilm M 5536.

36 "Obituary... Col. John H. Pennington," The Sun, Baltimore, Maryland, 1 July (Thursday) 1909, page 7. Repository: ProQuest Historical Newspapers.

37 1850 U.S. Census, Houlton, Aroostook Co., Maine, p 122 (60R).

38 1860 U.S. Census, Houlton, Aroostook County, Maine, National Archives, Wash, DC, Roll 434, page 215, dwelling 179, family 179. Repository: Ancestry.com.

39 Wisconsin State Census, 1875, Repository: FamilySearch.

40 Wisconsin State Census, 1875, Repository: Brigham Young University Library, Provo, Utah, Call Number: FHL film 1,032,693.

41 "J. H. Pennington to build house in Glyndon", Red River Valley News, Glyndon, Minnesota, 25 Sept. 1879, page 4, column 2. Repository: Clay County Museum, Moorhead, MN.

42 Colpitts, Kaye, Wolfville, N.S., phone call from Rick Crume, Glyndon, MN, 23 Aug. 2005.

43 Colpitts, Kaye, Wolfville, Nova Scotia, e-mail to Rick Crume, 19 Jan. 2006.

44 "J. H. Pennington to build house in Glyndon", Red River Valley News, Glyndon, Minnesota, 25 Sept. 1879, supplement. Repository: Clay County Museum, Moorhead, MN.

45 Valley City Times, Valley City, Dakota Territory, Thursday, August 25, 1881, page 4, column 3. Repository: North Dakota Historical Society, Bismarck, ND.

46 "J. H. Pennington to build house in Glyndon", Red River Valley News, Glyndon, Minnesota, 25 Sept. 1879, page 4. Repository: Clay County Museum, Moorhead, MN.

47 Colombia. Ministerio de Obras Públicas, Memoria del Ministerio de Obras Públicas al Congreso Nacional, Google Books, p. 64. Repository: Call Number: <http://books.google.com>.

48 “Coast and Interior," Salt Lake Tribune, Salt Lake City, Utah, July 30, 1885, page 6. Repository: America's Historical Newspapers, Call Number: http://docs.newsbank.com/s/HistArchive/ahnpdoc/EANX/1212045E1D405812/0F20FECAAFCBE6ED.

49 “The Ranch and the Range: Rambles Among the Cattlemen”, Dallas Morning News, Dallas, Texas, 17 Apr. 1886, Repository: Genealogy Bank, www.genealogybank.com.

50 "Stock News," Rocky Mountain News, (Denver, CO) Saturday, April 24, 1886; pg. 4; col C.

51 "Personal," The Galveston Daily News, (Houston, TX) Thursday, June 10, 1886; pg. 3; Issue 46; col A.

52 "Real Estate Transfers," The Los Angeles Times, (Los Angeles, CA) Friday, April 29, 1887; pg. 7; Issue 136; col A.

53 Deed of sale, J. H. Pennington et al to W. H. Hull et al, 28 Apr. 1887, Los Angeles County, California deed book 211, pages 237-240. Repository: Family History Library, 35 N West Temple Street, Salt Lake City, UT 84150 USA, Call Number: microfilm 2,130,841.

54 J. H. Pennington & Co. business card, no date, Repository: Seaver Center for Western History Research Natural History Museum of Los Angeles Cou, 900 Exposition Boulevard, Los Angeles, California 90007.

55 "Undelivered Telegrams," The Los Angeles Times, (Los Angeles, CA) Sunday, May 29, 1887; Issue 166; col C.

56 “Hotel Arrivals”, Daily Alta California, San Francisco, California, Volume 42, Number 13820, 3 July 1887, Repository: California Digital Newspaper Collection.

57 Telegrams Unknown, Daily Evening Bulletin, (San Francisco, CA) Wednesday, August 03, 1887, pg. 2; Issue 100; col E. Repository: 19th Century U.S. Newspapers, Thomson-Gale, accessed through NewEnglandAncestors.

58 "Real Estate Transfers," The Los Angeles Times, (Los Angeles, CA) Thursday, August 04, 1887; pg. 7; Issue 62; col A.

59 "New Incorporations," Daily Alta, San Francisco, California, 18 Dec. 1887, Repository: California Digital Newspaper Collection.

60 "Land and Cattle Company," San Francisco Chronicle, San Francisco, California, Dec. 18, 1887, page 16. Repository: Fold 3 www.fold3.com.

61 "Hotel Arrivals," Daily Alta, San Francisco, Cal., Thursday, January 13, 1888, page 7, column 6. Repository: California Digital Newspaper Collection, Call Number: http://cbsr.tabbec.com/.

62 "New Incorporations," Daily Evening Bulletin, (San Francisco, CA) Thursday, January 12, 1888, pg. 3; Issue 81; col D. Repository: 19th Century U.S. Newspapers, Thomson-Gale, accessed through NewEnglandAncestors.

63 "Incorporations', The San Francisco Chronicle, San Francisco, California, Jan. 12, 1893, page 3. Repository: Fold 3 www.fold3.com.

64 "Going Begging: The Stock of a Cattle Company," San Francisco Chronicle, San Francisco, California, 27 July 1888, page 8. Repository: Footnote.com.

65 "Off the Lists: The Stock of the Cattle Company," San Francisco Chronicle, 2 Aug. 1888, page 8. Repository: Footnote.com.

66 "Brief Mention," Daily Evening Bulletin, (San Francisco, CA) Thursday, August 02, 1888, pg. 2; Issue 99; col. Repository: 19th Century U.S. Newspapers, Thomson-Gale, accessed through NewEnglandAncestors.

67 Brownsville Maritime Mention, The Galveston Daily News, (Houston, TX) Thursday, July 25, 1889; pg. 3; Issue 89; col C.

68 Railway World, vol. 33 (16 Nov. 1889). Repository: Google Books, <books.google.com>.

69 Hotel Arrivals, The Galveston Daily News, (Houston, TX) Tuesday, July 21, 1891; pg. 5; Issue 119; col B.

70 "Personal and General Notes," The Daily Picayune, (New Orleans, LA) Thursday, July 23, 1891; pg. 4; Issue 181; col E.

71 "Passengers for Portland," Morning Oregonian, (Portland, OR) Saturday, October 31, 1891; pg. 4; Issue 9696; col E.

72 "People Coming and Going," Pittsburg Dispatch, 13 Mar. 1892, page 7, column 4. Repository: Chronicling America - The Library of Congress.

73 "HOTEL ARRIVALS," Fort Worth gazette. (Fort Worth, Tex.) March 25, 1892, Image 5, column 4, Repository: Chronicling America - The Library of Congress.

74 Alfredo D. Bateman, Jorge Sossa Beltrán, Alfonso Orduz Duarte, Sociedad Colombiana de Ingenieros, Historia de los Ferrocarriles de Colombia, Página Maestra, 2005, page 33. Repository: Google Books, <books.google.com>.

75 "Interior de la Republica," Panama Star and Herald, Panama City, 29 Oct. 1892, page 3, column 2. Repository: Readex World Newspaper Archive.

76 "Passengers Arrived," Panama Star and Herald, Panama City, 4 Nov. 1892, page 1, column 3. Repository: Readex World Newspaper Archive.

77 Clímaco Calderón and Edward E. Britton, Colombia 1893, s.n., 1893, pages 118-119. Repository: Google Books, <books.google.com>.

78 "Need Pittsburg Iron," The Pittsburg Dispatch, Tues., Dec. 13, 1892, page 3. Repository: Chronicling America - The Library of Congress.

79 Pittsburgh City Directory, 1892, page 719.

80 "Interior de la República," La Estrella de Panama, Panama City, 2 Mar. 1893, page 4, column 4. Repository: Readex World Newspaper Archive.

81 "Colombia Railroad," Rocky Mountain News, Denver, Colorado, 14 March 1893, Repository: Genealogy Bank, www.genealogybank.com.

82 "Mail advices from New York.., Star and Herald, Panama City, 28 Mar. 1893, page 1, column 1. Repository: Readex World Newspaper Archive.

83 Engineering News, vol. 29 (30 Mar. 1893), page 314. Repository: Google Books, <books.google.com>.

84 "Interior de la República," Star and Herald, Panama City, 15 May 1893, page 3, column 4. Repository: Readex World Newspaper Archive.

85 "Messrs. George A. Schele, .., Star and Herald, Panama City, 31 May 1893, page 1, column 1. Repository: Readex World Newspaper Archive.

86 "Ferrocarriles," La Estrella de Panama, Panama City, 1 June 1893, page 1, column 3. Repository: Readex World Newspaper Archive, Call Number: http://www.newsbank.com/readex/product.cfm?product=292.

87 "Interior de la República," Star and Herald, Panama City, 1 Sept. 1893, page 3, column 2. Repository: Readex World Newspaper Archive.

88 "Interior de la Republica," La Estrella de Panama, Panama City, 7 Sept. 1893, page 6, column 4. Repository: Readex World Newspaper Archive.

89 Informe del Ministro de Hacienda de la Republica de Colombia al Congreso Constitucional de 1896, Bogota: Imp. de Vapor de Zalamea Hs, pages 7-8. Repository: Google Books, <books.google.com>.

90 "Interior de la Republica," La Estrella de Panama, Panama City, 11 Jan. 1894, page 3, column 2. Repository: Readex World Newspaper Archive.

91 "Hotel Arrivals," Brooklyn Daily Eagle, Brooklyn, N.Y., 12 Mar. 1894, page 5, column 1. Repository: Old Fulton New York Post Cards, http://fultonhistory.com/Fulton.html.

92 "Mr. Pennington y el Banco Nacional," Revista de Legislación y Jurisprudencia, Bogotá, Colombia, Apr. 1894, series 1, number 11, pages 705-714. Repository: Google Books, <books.google.com>.

93 "J. H. Pennington Hopes to Be Free," New York Herald, 18 Apr. 1894, Repository: Genealogy Bank, www.genealogybank.com.

94 "Pennington's Mistake," The Evening World, New York, NY, 18 Apr. 1894, Extra 2 O'Clock, page 4, image 4. Repository: Chronicling America - The Library of Congress.

95 "An Unpleasant Predicament," The Constitution, Atlanta, Georgia, 21 April 1894, Repository: Ancestry.com.

96 Associated Press, Unintentional Bigamy, Weekly Gazette, Reno, Nevada, 1894 Apr. 19, page 6, column 4. Repository: Ancestry.com.

97 "TWO WIVES: Col. Pennington Marries Again Thinking Himself a Divorced Man," Los Angeles Times, Los Angeles, Calif., Apr. 19, 1894; Los Angeles Times Archives <http://pqasb.pqarchiver.com/latimes/>, page 1.

98 "Pennington's Wives," St. Louis Republic, St. Louis, Missouri, 19 Apr. 1894, Repository: Genealogy Bank, www.genealogybank.com.

99 "Around Hotel Lobbies: Prominent People from All Sections Seen by the North American," The North American, (Philadelphia, PA) Friday, April 27, 1894; pg. 2; col F.

100 The Brooklyn Daily Eagle, July 2, 1894, "Hotel Arrivals," page 7, column 1. Repository: Old Fulton New York Post Cards, http://fultonhistory.com/Fulton.html.

101 "Recent Gayeties in Lenox," The New York Times, July 8, 1894 <http://query.nytimes.com/search/q uery>.

102 "Interior de la Republica," La Estrella de Panama, Panama City, 18 Oct. 1894, page 3, column 1. Repository: Readex World Newspaper Archive.

103 "Colombia - de Nuestros Canjes," Star and Herald, Panama City, 31 Dec. 1894, page 3, column 2. Repository: Readex World Newspaper Archive.

104 "Colombia," La Estrella de Panama, Panama City, 3 Jan. 1895, page 4, column 1. Repository: Readex World Newspaper Archive.

105 "Our Own Folks and Other Folks," Bangor Daily Whig & Courier, (Bangor, ME) Monday, January 28, 1895; Issue 24; col H.

106 "International North and South America Transportation and Express Company," Bangor Daily Whig & Courier (Bangor, ME) Monday, February 11, 1895; Issue 36; col E.

107 "PERFIDIOUS PENNINGTON. He Deserts His Wife to Marry in New York," San Francisco Call, San Francisco, Calif., Mar. 23, 1895, Repository: Chronicling America - The Library of Congress, Call Number: http://chroniclingamerica.loc.gov/lccn/sn85066387/1895-03-23/ed-1/seq-5/.

108 "Yesterday's Arrivals at Newport: Mr. and Mrs. Cornelius Vanderbilt Make a Brief Visit," New York Times, June 26, 1895 <http://query.nytimes.com/search/q uery>.

109 Deed of sale, James E. & Susan B. Briggs to John H. Pennington, book 557, p. 406. Repository: Family History Library, 35 N West Temple Street, Salt Lake City, UT 84150 USA, Call Number: film 830,091.

110 New York Times, New York, NY, 31 Aug. 1895, p. 8. Repository: ProQuest, Call Number: <http://proquest.umi.com>.

111 "TOO MUCH BEAUTY. Two Suits Growing Out of One Man’s Admiration for Another’s Wife," Syracuse Daily Standard, Syracuse, N.Y., 31 Aug. 1895, page 1. Repository: Call Number: http://fultonhistory.com.

112 "A Buffalo Sensation," Utica Observer, Aug. 31, 1895, http://fultonhistory.com/Fulton.html.

113 "Said She Was Single. Col. Pennington Sued for Alienating Mrs. Willlis's Affections. An Episode in Buffalo," Rochester Democrat and Chronicle, Aug. 31, 1895, http://fultonhistory.com, page 11.

114 "Scandal in Buffalo," Elmira Daily Gazette and Free Press, Aug. 30, 1895, page 8, column 4. Repository: Old Fulton New York Post Cards, http://fultonhistory.com/Fulton.html.

115 June Partridge Zintz, Marriages from Buffalo church records 1825-1900, Hamburg, New York : J.P. Zintz, c2004, page 255. Repository: Family History Library, 35 N West Temple Street, Salt Lake City, UT 84150 USA, Call Number: 974.797 V2z FHL US/CAN Book.

116 "Local Matters," Bangor Daily Whig & Courier, (Bangor, ME) Thursday, September 12, 1895; Issue 218; col C.

117 "BOARD OF TRADE: Address by Col. J. H. Pennington and Matters of Business," Bangor Daily Whig & Courier, Bangor, Maine, Monday, September 16, 1895; Issue 221; column E. Repository: 19th Century U.S. Newspapers, Thomson-Gale, accessed through NewEnglandAncestors.

118 "Bangor Board of Trade," Bangor Daily Whig & Courier, (Bangor, ME) Saturday, September 14, 1895, Issue 220; col H. Repository: 19th Century U.S. Newspapers, Thomson-Gale, accessed through NewEnglandAncestors.

119 J. H. PENNINGTON WANTED: The Colombian Government Will Request His Immediate Extradition, The San Francisco Call, Monday, December 23, 1895, Chronicling America, The Library of Congress, page 4, column 4; page 7, column 1. Repository: Call Number: www.loc.gov/chroniclingamerica/lccn/sn85066387/1895-12-23/ed-1/seq-4.

120 Extradition Demanded, Democrat and Chonicle, Rochester, N.Y., Dec. 23, 1895, page 2, column 7, Repository: Old Fulton New York Post Cards, http://fultonhistory.com/Fulton.html.

121 "Pennington's Troubles. Wanted by Bogota Authorities on a Charge of Bigamy," Sacramento Daily Union, Sacramento, California, Vol. 90, No.106, 23 Dec. 1895, Repository: California Digital Newspaper Collection.

122 "May go to Colombia. Colonel Pennington Wanted in South America for Bigamy," Omaha World Herald, Omaha, Nebraska, 23 Dec. 1895, Repository: Genealogy Bank, www.genealogybank.com.

123 "Col. Pennington. Registers from South America and is Well Known Here," The Buffalo Express, Wednesday morning, Dec. 25, 1895, http://fultonhistory.com/Fulton.htm, page 6.

124 Local Matters (News), Bangor Daily Whig & Courier (Bangor, ME) Tuesday, January 14, 1896; Issue 12; col C.

125 Luis Martínez Delgado, Academia Colombiana de Historia, Historia extensa de Colombia, Ediciones Lerner, 1986, page 489. Repository: Google Books, <books.google.com>.

126 John J. Finney vs. John H. Pennington, Monroe County Court, lis pendens book 22, pages 448-449. Repository: County Clerk, 39 West Main St, Rochester NY 14614.

127 East Side Savings Bank of Rochester vs. John H. Pennington et al, lis pendens book 24, page 391. Repository: County Clerk, 39 West Main St, Rochester NY 14614.

128 New Orleans Passenger Lists, 1820-1945, Repository: Ancestry.com, Call Number: http://www.ancestry.com/search/db.aspx?dbid=7484.

129 "Gossip Gathered in Hotel Lobbies. Latin America Looking This Way for a Port," The Times Picayune, New Orleans, Louisiana, 28 Feb. 1896, Repository: Genealogy Bank, www.genealogybank.com.

130 El Guatemalteco - Diario Oficial, no. 48, page 283. Repository: Genealogy Bank, www.genealogybank.com.

131 El Guatemalteco - Diario Oficial, 12 Feb. 1896, number 29, page 170. Repository: Readex World Newspaper Archive.

132 "In Golden Guatemala... The Conservative Colonel Pennington Tells of the Resources and Opportunities of the Country," Rochester Democrat and Chronicle, Mar. 6, 1896, http://fultonhistory.com/Fulton.html, page 7.

133 Deed of sale, John H. Pennington to William H. Briggs, book 580, p. 15. Repository: Family History Library, 35 N West Temple Street, Salt Lake City, UT 84150 USA, Call Number: film 830,102.

134 "Guatemala," La Estrella de Panama, Panama City, 27 Mar. 1896, page 1, column 4. Repository: Readex World Newspaper Archive.

135 "Trade in Spanish America," Salt Lake Semi-Weekly Tribune, (Salt Lake City, UT) Tuesday, June 02, 1896; pg. 4; Issue 28; col C.

136 East Side Savings Bank of Rochester vs. Mr. & Mrs. John H. Pennington et al, Monroe County Court, lis pendens book 25, page 107. Repository: County Clerk, 39 West Main St, Rochester NY 14614.

137 "COUNTY COURT, County of Monroe," Rochester Democrat and Chronicle, 19 June 1896, page 5, column 5. Repository: Old Fulton New York Post Cards, http://fultonhistory.com/Fulton.html.

138 Recopilacion de las Leyes de la Republica de Guatemala 1896-97, vol. 15, pages 212-213. Repository: Google Books, <books.google.com>.

139 El Guatemalteco: Diario Oficial de la República de Guatemala, en la América Central, Guatemala, 25 July 1896, vol. 32, no. 66, pages 417-418. Repository: Genealogy Bank, www.genealogybank.com.

140 "North and South Railroad," Omaha World Herald, 25 July 1896, Repository: Genealogy Bank, www.genealogybank.com.

141 "Arrivals at the Hotels," The Daily Inter Ocean, (Chicago, IL) Sunday, July 26, 1896, pg. 8; Issue 124; col A. Repository: 19th Century U.S. Newspapers, Thomson-Gale, accessed through NewEnglandAncestors.

142 "The Busy World," The Saint Paul globe. (St. Paul, Minn.) 1896-1905, August 25, 1896, image 2, column 1. Repository: Chronicling America - The Library of Congress.

143 "South America And Its Great Possibilities for American Trade," Boston Daily Advertiser, (Boston, MA) Thursday, March 18, 1897, Issue 66; col C. Repository: 19th Century U.S. Newspapers, Thomson-Gale, accessed through NewEnglandAncestors.

144 "Both Ends. Profit Each Way in South American Trade," Boston Journal, Boston, Mass., 18 Mar. 1897, Repository: Genealogy Bank, www.genealogybank.com.

145 "John H. Pennington Seeks Divorce," Baltimore American, Baltimore, Md., 28 Feb. 1909, Repository: Genealogy Bank, www.genealogybank.com.

146 "On His Wedding Trip," The Milwaukee Sentinel, (Milwaukee, WI) Thursday, April 22, 1897; pg. 3; col C.

147 "Pennington's Scheme. Will Endeavor to Establish and American Exposition at Rio de Janeiro," St. Louis Republic, St. Louis, Missouri, 23 May 1897, Repository: Genealogy Bank, www.genealogybank.com.

148 "Business Troubles."

149 Pennington vs. Pennington, Case B-10534, BALTIMORE CITY CIRCUIT COURT (Equity Papers B, Divorces and Foreclosures) 1909, T54, Repository: Maryland State Archives, Annapolis, MD.

150 Chicago City Directory, 1899, page 1439. Repository: Footnote.com.

151 "Gossip Gathered in Hotel Lobbies. An American Enterprise to Increase Foreign Trade," The Daily Picayune, (New Orleans, LA) Monday, January 02, 1899; pg. 10; Issue 343; col C.

152 "Gossip Gathered in Hotel Lobbies," The Daily Picayune, (New Orleans, LA) January 09, 1899; pg. 12; Issue 350; col F.

153 "Gossip Gathered in Hotel Lobbies: Prospecting Parties on the Way to Havana and Central American Sections," The Daily Picayune, (New Orleans, LA) Thursday, January 26, 1899, pg. 3; Issue 2; col C. Repository: 19th Century U.S. Newspapers, Thomson-Gale, accessed through NewEnglandAncestors.

154 "Gossip Gathered in Hotel Lobbies," The Daily Picayune, (New Orleans, LA) Sunday, January 29, 1899, pg. 6; Issue 5; col C. Repository: 19th Century U.S. Newspapers, Thomson-Gale, accessed through NewEnglandAncestors.

155 "Means Much to Texas. A Chicago Syndicate to Secure for Gulf Ports Trade of the Central American Republics," Dallas Morning News, Dallas, Texas, 11 Feb. 1899, Repository: Genealogy Bank, www.genealogybank.com.

156 "Gossip Gathered in Hotel Lobbies," The Daily Picayune, (New Orleans, LA) Sunday, March 05, 1899, pg. 11; Issue 40; col A. Repository: 19th Century U.S. Newspapers, Thomson-Gale, accessed through NewEnglandAncestors.

157 Cincinnati, Ohio city directories, Repository: Footnote.com.

158 Cincinnati, Ohio city directories, 1900, page 1316. Repository: Footnote.com.

159 "The S. Oteri Arrives with a Big Passenger List," The Daily Item, New Orleans, La., May 1, 1901, page 10, columns 4-5. Repository: Genealogy Bank, www.genealogybank.com.

160 “Breakwater Shows Her Speed”, The Daily Item, New Orleans, La., 3 Dec. 1901, page 12, column 4. Repository: Genealogy Bank, www.genealogybank.com.

161 "Chincoteague," Peninsula enterprise, Accomac, Va., April 19, 1902, page 3. Repository: Chronicling America - The Library of Congress.

162 U.S.. City Directories: New York, New York, City Directory, 1903, page 38 (image 47 of 1262). Repository: Ancestry.com.

163 "Una empresa colosal para el país," La Estrella de Panama, Panama City, 11 Oct. 1903, page 8, columns 1-2. Repository: Readex World Newspaper Archive.

164 "Chincoteague," Peninsula Enterprise, Accomac, Va., 28 Nov. 1903, page 3. Repository: Chronicling America - The Library of Congress.

165 "Neighborhood Notes. Chincoteague," Peninsula Enterprise, Accomac, Va., 14 May 1904, page 3. Repository: Chronicling America - The Library of Congress.

166 "Society News," The Sun, Baltimore, Maryland, 15 Mar. 1906, page 6. Repository: ProQuest Historical Newspapers, Call Number: <http://www.pqarchiver.com/titles.html>.

167 "Some of the Late Arrivals," The Sun, Baltimore, Maryland, 29 June 1906, page 10. Repository: ProQuest Historical Newspapers, Call Number: <http://www.pqarchiver.com/titles.html>.

168 "Washingtonians At Hotels," The Sun, Baltimore, Maryland, 26 Apr. 1907, page 11. Repository: ProQuest Historical Newspapers, Call Number: <http://www.pqarchiver.com/titles.html>.

169 "Washingtonians At Hotels," The Sun, Baltimore, Maryland, 25 June 1907, page 5. Repository: ProQuest Historical Newspapers, Call Number: <http://www.pqarchiver.com/titles.html>.

170 Will of John H. Pennington, Baltimore City Register of Wills (Wills) John H. Pennington, dated 27 Jun 1909, probate 31 Jul 1909, Liber HWJ 106, ff. 98-100, MSA CM219-114, microfilm CR 172-1. Repository: Maryland State Archives, Annapolis, MD.

171 John H. Pennington estate, inventory, Baltimore City Register of Wills (Inventories) John H. Pennington estate, dated 3 Feb 1910, exhibited 13 Apr 1910, Liber BES 198, ff. 58, MSA CM200-132, microfilm CR 10,351-2. Repository: Maryland State Archives, Annapolis, MD.

172 John H. Pennington estate, administration account, Baltimore City Register of Wills (Administration Accounts) John H. Pennington estate, exhibited 10 Jun 1910, Liber HWJ 202, ff. 480-481, MSA CM193-146, microfilm CR 9,618-1. Repository: Maryland State Archives, Annapolis, MD.

173 U.S. Passport Applications, 1795-1925, Repository: Call Number: http://www.ancestry.com/search/db.aspx?dbid=1174.

174 Catalogue of Alpha Kappa Kappa, s.n., 1909, Repository: Internet Archive, www.archive.org.

175 Florida Death Index, 1877-1998, Repository: Ancestry.com, Call Number: <www.ancestry.com>.

176 U.S., Department of Veterans Affairs BIRLS Death File, 1850-2010, Repository: Ancestry.com.

177 Florida, Death Index, 1877-1998, Repository: FamilySearch.

178 1930 U.S. Census, Trinidad, Cristobal District, Panama Canal Zone, Repository: Ancestry.com.

179 Florida State Census, 1867-1945, page 6, line 33. Repository: Ancestry.com.

180 U.S. Social Security Death Index, Repository: FamilySearch.

181 British Columbia Death Registrations, 1872-1986, Repository: FamilySearch.

182 Obituary of Emma Elizabeth Harris, The Vancouver Sun, Sunday, 1 April 1986, page D1 (image 25 of 75). Repository: Google News, news.google.com.

183 1930 U.S. Census, Guayama, Guayama, Puerto Rico, District 1, image 6 of 73. Repository: Ancestry.com.

184 German Genealogy Group, New York City Birth Records Search, www.theggg.org.

185 FamilySearch Family Tree, www.familysearch.org.

186 1910 U.S. Census, Manhattan, New York Co., New York, Repository: Ancestry.com.

187 1910 U.S. Census, Manhattan, New York Co., New York, Ward 12. Image 32. Repository: Ancestry.com.